7. LOADS

CHAPTER 7 "CARGOES" 2 1. CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................ 2 1. DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 C HARGE ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 C ARGO TEAMS ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6 2. LOAD OF PLANES ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 I NTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 2.1. 1 Overall ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1. 2 S ELECTIVELY ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 2. 2 E DIT ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 2. 3 L EAKAGE LINES ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.4 R EACTION P ERFORMANCE .......................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.4. 1 TOTAL .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2.4. 2 S ELECTIVELY ................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 2.4. 3U NIFORMITY ............................................................................................................................................................................... 15 3. MEMBERSHIP LOAD ................................................................................................................ 16 3.1 I NTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1. 1 M EMBER LOADS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1. 1 Temperature Change Member ............................................................................................. 19 3.1. 2 N ODE LOADS ............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.1. 3 L OADS IN P LATE ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 22 3.1.3. 1 Temperature Change Plate................................................................................................... 22 3.1. 4 Loads in Solid elements........................................................................................................... 24 3.2 E DIT ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2. 1 Overall .................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.2. OPTIONAL ........................................................................................................................................................................ 29 3.3 S HOW ................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.4 C OPY ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 T OOLS ................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.5.1 L OAD DISTRIBUTION ON SURFACE ............................................................................................................................... 41 F LAT SURFACES .............................................................................................................................................................. 43 S UCCESSIVE SURFACES .................................................................................................................................................. 45 C URVED SURFACES ........................................................................................................................................................ 48 3.5.2 I MPORT OF LOADS FROM ARCHIVES ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.5.3 P OOL LOADS ................................................................................................................................................................... 54 3.5.4 S CALE LOADS .................................................................................................................................................................. 56 3.5.5 L ANDFILL OF THE LOAD FROM LANDFILLS ..................................................................................................................... 57 4. WIND AND SNOW LOADS ....................................................................................................... 60 4.1 P ARAMETERS ................................................................................................................................................................................. 61 4.1. 1 R EGULATIONS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 61 4.1. 2W IND PARAMETERS .................................................................................................................................................................. 61 4.1. 3 S NOW PARAMETERS ................................................................................................................................................................. 63 4.2 E DIT ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 64 4.2.1 W ALL T REATMENT ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 4.2.1.1 S EPARATE TO USE THE "S TANDARD C ONSTRUCTIONS " ....................................................................... 64 4.2.1.2 U SING THE "S TANDARD C ONSTRUCTIONS " ...................................................................................... 66 1. CONTENTS