7. LOADS

CHAPTER 7 "CARGOES" 18 In particular : • DOKOI : x-x is the axis of the beam with direction from the beginning to the end (red), y-y is the axis (perpendicular to the local x-x) whose direction "pierces" the plate (green). Its direction is always in the positive direction of the y-y universal (from bottom to top). z-z , the third axis, perpendicular to the plane defined by x-x and y-y (local) (blue). • PENS : x-x is the axis of the pole with direction from its beginning to its end (from bottom to top) (red), y-y is the perpendicular to the local x-x axis and facing the universal -x (green). z-z the third axis perpendicular to the plane defined by x-x and y-y (local) (blue). Another way of defining the local axes for both beams and columns is the right-hand rule with the thumb on the positive x-x axis, index on the positive y-y axis and the middle on the positive z-z axis. Loads on members are considered positive (+) when they are opposite to the local axes.