EXAMPLE 11. MASONRY WITH THE EQUAL FRAME METHOD

PARADEIGMA 11: " MASONRY M.I.P." 10 3. Elements of Elastic Static Analysis The simulation of load-bearing masonry with finite surface elements is the most accurate method but it is not suitable for the inelastic analysis of the structure. In this case, the MIP simulation method is recommended. The following is the description of the procedure as implemented in SCADA for a load-bearing masonry structure with MIP. First, some information on the analysis and design of these structures. The checks shall be carried out for static and seismic load combinations as specified in the relevant regulations. With regard to seismic combinations, the following limit values are distinguished states (performance levels) to control the behaviour of the operator "as a whole" and as individual elements. (a) Damage Limitation (DL) Limit State : the structure is only slightly damaged, with the structural elements retaining a high degree of strength and stiffness. The permanent relative deformations are negligible. It is assumed that the functions of the building are not interrupted during and after the earthquake except, possibly, for secondary functions. (b) Major Damage Limit State (SD) : the entity has suffered significant damage with no collapses, has residual strength and stiffness and the vertical elements are able to take the vertical loads. There are moderate permanent relative deformations. The structure can withstand aftershocks moderate intensity. (c) Limit Condition of Quasi-Collapse (NC) : the entity has suffered serious damage. Its remaining strength and stiffness are low. The vertical elements are still able to bear vertical loads. Large permanent relative deformations have developed. Ο the carrier is a short distance from collapse and will probably not be able to withstand a subsequent earthquake, even of moderate intensity. Checks are carried out at the deformation level both for the whole structure and for the individual members. Audits at Member State level The adequacy checks of individual elements of load-bearing masonry are carried out in terms of deformations and/or forces in accordance with the applicable regulation.